Brand foundation: Hirschmann’s deep roots
Since its foundation in 1924, Hirschmann has evolved from a one-man company into a global leader in the field of communications over the course of nearly a century. In the field of broadcasting and television transmission technology, its mobile transmission and reception systems support the stable propagation of signals; in enterprise and industrial network solutions and fieldbus systems, Hirschmann’s pioneering achievements include the world’s first fibre-optic Ethernet in 1984 and the introduction of HIPER-Ring (redundant ring) Ethernet in 1990.

These pioneering achievements underline Hirschmann’s deep technical know-how and excellent market reputation in industrial networks and related fields. With rich experience and expertise, Hussmann’s products are able to maintain high transmission speed and reliability in harsh industrial environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and strong electromagnetic interference, etc. Hussmann’s business is spread all over the world, with production plants in Germany and Hungary, and branches in Europe, the United States, and Asia, responding to the needs of customers around the world at any time.

Port and Connection Characteristics
Ethernet Port: Based on similar Hussmann products, the MM20 – t1 t1 t1 eahh media converter is likely to be equipped with an Ethernet port that supports 10/100/1000Base-T adaptive rates, using an RJ-45 interface. This design facilitates connection using standard Cat5e, Cat6 or higher Ethernet cables, and ideally, the Ethernet port can effectively transmit data up to 100 metres using standard-compliant cables. This makes it easy to work seamlessly with industrial controllers, smart sensors, computers and other Ethernet devices, ensuring the stability and reliability of short-range data transmission in the industrial field.

Fibre optic port: Considering the demand for long distance and high bandwidth transmission in industrial scenarios, the media converter is likely to be equipped with a fibre optic port. If the media converter is equipped with a multi-mode optical fibre port, the transmission distance is estimated to be up to 550m when using 50/125μm optical fibre with a transmission rate of 1000Mbps, which is suitable for scenarios such as different workshops and floors within a factory that are relatively close to each other but with higher requirements on data transmission rate, for example, data interactions between equipments in different production areas of an automobile manufacturing factory.

When equipped with single-mode fibre ports, the transmission distance can be significantly extended to several kilometres when using single-mode fibre at 1310nm wavelength, which is important for cross-factory data communication in large industrial parks or long-distance data transmission scenarios such as transformer substations and remote monitoring centres in smart grids. Fibre optic ports may be of the common SC, LC type, with easy plugging and unplugging, solid connection characteristics, to meet the requirements of industrial environments on the stability and convenience of equipment connection.

Data conversion performance
Accurate signal conversion: In industrial automation production lines, front-end sensors often use optical fibre to build high-speed data acquisition networks, while back-end control systems often use Ethernet architecture. one of the core functions of the MM20 – t1 t1 t1 t1 eahh media converter is to accurately convert optical signals transmitted by optical fibre into electrical signals that can be recognised by Ethernet, and vice versa. In an electronics manufacturing plant, for example, high-precision sensors used in the production line to check the quality of the products are transmitted via optical fibre to the media converter, which quickly converts them into Ethernet signals and transmits them to the production management system at the back end, thus providing timely and accurate data for decision-making, and guaranteeing efficient and stable operation of the production line.

Intelligent Rate Adaptation: In a complex industrial network environment, the data transmission rate of different devices varies greatly. New devices may have a transmission rate of 1000Mbps or even higher, while some old devices still maintain a rate of 100Mbps. MM20 – t1 t1 t1 t1 eahh is equipped with a rate adaptation function, which can automatically sense the transmission rate of the devices connected to it and carry out intelligent matching and coordination.

When enterprises carry out network upgrading and transformation, the media converter enables these devices with different rates to work together in the same network, avoiding data transmission delays, packet loss or even interruption due to rate mismatch, which greatly improves the stability and compatibility of network data transmission and ensures that all kinds of data can be transmitted smoothly in the process of industrial production.

Network Expansion and Security
Breakthrough transmission distance limitation: traditional Ethernet twisted pair transmission distance is limited, it is difficult to meet the demand for long-distance data transmission of widely distributed equipment in large industrial facilities. MM20 – t1 t1 t1 t1 eahh media converter effectively solves this problem by taking advantage of the advantages of optical fibre transmission in terms of distance and anti-interference. In large industrial enterprises such as steel mills and cement factories, the plant area is vast and the equipment is extremely dispersed.

By using the media converter with optical fibre, data can be transmitted up to several kilometres away, significantly extending the network coverage. For example, in a steel plant, between the equipment located in the high-temperature smelting area and the central monitoring room located at the far end of the plant, the media converter and optical fibre can be used to stably transmit the data of the equipment’s operation status, process parameters and other data to the monitoring room, so as to facilitate the operators to grasp the production situation in real time, and to make timely decisions to ensure the safety and stability of the production process.

Strengthen network security protection: In the signal conversion at the same time, MM20 – t1 t1 t1 eahh also has a network isolation function, which is of great significance to improve the security of industrial networks. It can effectively block the flow of unnecessary network traffic between different network areas, reducing the scope of potential network attacks on the entire network system threat. In substations in the power industry, networks in different functional areas, such as the primary equipment monitoring network and the secondary equipment protection network, are segregated by this media converter.

Even if the network in a certain region suffers from malicious attacks, the attack can be prevented from spreading to other regions to the maximum extent possible, safeguarding the stable operation of the power system network and ensuring the reliability of power supply. In addition, some of the media converters may also have a simple protocol conversion function, so that the use of different communication protocols network equipment can achieve interoperability, further enhancing the overall security and adaptability of the network.

Brand Background
Founded in 1924 by Richard Hirschmann, the father of the ‘banana plug’, Hirschmann started out as a one-man company and has developed over the past hundred years to become a global industry pioneer in the field of modern communications.

Its business covers a number of important areas such as broadcasting and television transmission technology, enterprise and industrial network solutions, and fieldbus systems. In terms of technological innovation, it built the world’s first fibre-optic Ethernet in 1984, and was the first to introduce ring-redundant Ethernet (HIPER – Ring) in 1990, and has a deep technological accumulation and excellent market reputation in industrial networks and related fields.

With the expertise accumulated from rich experience, Hirschmann’s products are able to maintain high transmission speed and reliability in harsh industrial environments such as high temperature, high pressure, strong electromagnetic interference, etc. Hirschmann has a wide global layout, with production plants in Germany and Hungary, and branches in many European countries, the U.S., and Asia, which enable it to respond quickly to the needs of customers around the world.

Specification
Port Specifications
Ethernet ports: 10/100/1000Base-T adaptive rates are most likely supported, and the RJ-45 connector is a common Ethernet connector type that facilitates connection using standard Cat5e, Cat6, or higher Ethernet cables. Ideally, with standard cables, the Ethernet port can transmit data over a distance of up to 100 metres, which meets the need for short-distance wiring between most devices in industrial sites, and can be seamlessly connected to various Ethernet devices, such as industrial controllers, smart sensors, computers, and so on.

Fibre optic port: Considering the demand for long distance and high bandwidth transmission in industrial scenarios, it is assumed that this media converter is equipped with a fibre optic port. If the media converter is equipped with a multi-mode optical fibre port, the transmission distance may reach 550m when using 50/125μm optical fibre with a transmission rate of 1000Mbps, which is suitable for data interaction between devices in different workshops within a factory, such as connecting devices in different production areas of an electronics manufacturing factory.

If equipped with single-mode fibre ports, using 1310nm wavelength single-mode fibre, the transmission distance can be significantly extended to several kilometres, which is important for cross-factory data communication in large industrial parks or long-distance data transmission scenarios, such as in smart grids, between a substation and a remote monitoring centre. Fibre optic ports may be of SC or LC type, which are easy to plug and unplug and have a solid connection.

Electrical parameters: the operating voltage may be designed to adapt to the common voltage range of industrial environments, such as supporting a wide voltage input of 100 – 240V AC, 50/60Hz AC frequency, which is able to operate stably in different regions and different power supply conditions in industrial sites, reducing the risk of equipment failure due to voltage fluctuations or mismatches.

In terms of DC power supply, DC 12V or other suitable DC voltage may be used for power supply, depending on the design of the internal power management module of the device, DC power supply provides stable power support for the device to meet the requirements of industrial automation scenarios with high power stability. The power consumption of the device depends on the internal circuit design and processing capability, and is optimised as much as possible to reduce operating costs and energy consumption while ensuring efficient data conversion and processing.

Physical specifications: For easy installation and deployment in space-constrained environments such as industrial control cabinets and equipment racks, the device form factor is designed to be compact. It may follow the industry standard installation dimensions such as 1U (44.45mm height) or 2U height, and its width and depth are also adapted to the standard cabinet dimensions, which is convenient for unified cabinet installation and management with other industrial equipment.

Shell selection of durable metal materials, such as aluminium alloy or steel, metal shell not only for the internal precision electronic components to provide physical protection against collision, extrusion and other external damage, but also with electromagnetic shielding to reduce external electromagnetic interference on the normal operation of the equipment, to ensure that the equipment in the complex industrial electromagnetic environment, stable work.

Protocol Support: Based on the versatility of Hussmann products in the field of industrial networking, it is assumed that MM20-M4M49999TAHH supports common industrial Ethernet protocols, such as Modbus TCP, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, etc. This makes the media converter capable of working with the most common industrial Ethernet protocols, such as Modbus TCP and EtherNet/IP.

This enables the media converter to communicate and interact with different brands and types of industrial automation equipment. For example, in an industrial automation production line that contains multiple brands of controllers and sensors, by supporting Modbus TCP protocol, the media converter can efficiently convert and transmit the data of the devices that use this protocol to achieve the interconnection of the entire production line equipment and collaborative work, reducing the difficulty and cost of system integration.

Performance Advantages
Efficient data conversion performance
Fast signal processing: the internal probability of using high-performance special chips and optimised circuit design, to achieve fast and accurate conversion of optical and electrical signals. In industrial automation production lines, a large amount of sensor data need to be transmitted and processed in real time, MM20 – M4M49999TAHH media converter can complete the signal conversion in a very short period of time, to ensure the timeliness of data.

In automotive production lines, for example, where sensors used to detect the position and size of parts generate a large amount of data per second, the media converter can quickly convert the data transmitted over fibre optics into Ethernet signals for transmission to the back-end control system, thus guaranteeing production efficiency and product quality.

Low-latency data transmission: During the data conversion process, internal algorithms and hardware architecture are optimised to reduce latency as much as possible and ensure real-time data transmission. For industrial applications such as robot control and motion control that require high real-time performance, low-latency data transmission is essential. The media converter controls data latency to a very low level, ensuring that data from the front-end device is transmitted quickly and accurately to the target device, avoiding control errors or production accidents caused by latency.

Excellent Network Adaptability
Multi-rate Adaptation Capability: With powerful rate adaptation function, it can automatically identify and adapt to the different transmission rates of the connected devices. In an enterprise network, devices deployed at different times have different transmission rates, new devices may support 1000Mbps or even higher rates, while old devices may still be at 100Mbps or lower rates. the MM20-M4M49999TAHH media converter is able to intelligently match the different rates of the devices, so that they can work together on the same network, avoiding data transmission delays, loss of data, and other problems caused by mismatched rates. The MM20-M4M49999TAHH media converter can intelligently match these different rate devices so that they can work together in the same network, avoiding the delay and packet loss caused by the rate mismatch, and guaranteeing the stability and smoothness of network data transmission.

Integration of different network media: It effectively achieves the integration of optical fibre network and Ethernet network, which are two different media networks. Optical fibre network has the advantages of long transmission distance, high bandwidth, strong anti-interference ability, etc., while Ethernet network has a wide range of applications and good compatibility.

With this media converter, the advantages of the two networks can be fully exploited, using optical fibre networks for long-distance, high-speed data transmission and Ethernet networks for convenient connection of equipment, building an efficient and stable network architecture for industrial enterprises. For example, in a large factory campus, different workshops are connected to each other via optical fibre to form a backbone network, while the equipment inside the workshops is connected to the media converter via Ethernet, achieving seamless integration of the entire campus network.

High Reliability and Stability
Industrial-grade design standard: Strictly designed and manufactured in accordance with industrial-grade standards, it can adapt to harsh industrial environments. In industrial production, the equipment may face high temperature, low temperature, humidity, dust, vibration and other harsh conditions. MM20 – M4M49999TAHH The internal electronic components of the media converter have been strictly screened and have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, humidity resistance, dust resistance, etc., the shell design can effectively prevent dust and water, and the internal structure can withstand a certain degree of vibration and shock, to ensure stable operation of the equipment under a variety of harsh industrial environments.

This ensures the stable operation of the equipment in a variety of harsh industrial environments. For example, the media converter can work reliably in the high-temperature smelting workshop of a steel factory, the underground working environment of a coal mine, etc. to ensure the stability of the network connection.

Redundant design guarantee: some models may adopt redundant power supply design, equipped with two or more power input interfaces, when one power supply fails, the other power supply automatically takes over the work, to ensure continuous operation of the equipment, to avoid data transmission interruption caused by power failure.

In terms of network connection, it may support the link redundancy function, data transmission through multiple network links, when a link fails, the data will be automatically switched to other normal links to ensure uninterrupted network communication. This redundancy design is of great significance in industrial application scenarios that require high network reliability, such as the monitoring network of the power system, the control system of chemical production, etc. It can effectively improve the reliability and stability of the entire industrial network .

Network Security Enhancement
Network isolation function: while performing signal conversion, it realises effective isolation between different network areas. It can prevent unnecessary network traffic from spreading between different networks and reduce the impact of potential network attacks on the entire network system.

For example, in substations in the power industry, networks in different functional areas, such as primary equipment monitoring network and secondary equipment protection network, are isolated by the media converter, so that even if the network in a certain area suffers from a malicious attack, the attack can be prevented from spreading to other areas to the maximum extent possible, to ensure the stable operation of the power system network, and to ensure the reliability of the power supply.

Security protocol support: It may support a variety of network security protocols, such as SSL/TLS encryption protocol, to encrypt the transmitted data, preventing the data from being stolen or tampered with in the transmission process. In the era of Industrial IoT, a large amount of industrial data is transmitted over the network, and data security is crucial.

By supporting security protocols, the MM20 – M4M49999TAHH media converter provides security for industrial data transmission, ensures that enterprise production data and business secrets are not leaked, and meets the strict requirements of industrial enterprises for network security.

Hirschmann Brand Introduction
Hirschmann has a longstanding reputation in industrial networks and related fields, is a technology and market-leading outstanding enterprise. 1924, by the father of the ‘banana plug’ Mr Richard Hirschmann was founded, began as a one-man company, after a century of development, has grown into a modern communications field of the global industry The company was founded in 1924 by Mr Richard Hirschmann, the father of the banana plug.
Hirschmann’s business is extremely wide-ranging and covers a number of important areas. In the field of broadcasting and television transmission technology, its mobile transmission and reception systems use analogue and digital technology to ensure the stable transmission of broadcasting and television signals. In the field of enterprise and industrial network solutions, Hirschmann is a leading provider of efficient and reliable network architectures for complex industrial environments. Fieldbus systems are also an important business segment, enabling accurate and fast data communication between devices in industrial automation processes.

Hussmann products excel in demanding industrial environments. Thanks to their experience and expertise, they maintain high transmission speeds and unrivalled reliability, even at high temperatures, high pressures and in the presence of strong electromagnetic interference. For example, in high-temperature smelting workshops in steel mills, high humidity and dusty environments in coal mines, and strong electromagnetic zones in power substations, Hirschmann’s media converters, switches and other equipment operate stably to ensure the continued stability of industrial production networks.

Hirschmann has an extensive global presence, with production facilities in Germany and Hungary, as well as subsidiaries in many European countries, the United States and Asia. This enables Hirschmann to respond quickly to the needs of customers around the world and to provide timely and professional products and services to industrial companies in different regions. Hirschmann’s products and services are available to industrial companies in all regions.

I. Port and Connection Configuration
Ethernet Port Characteristics: The media converter is most likely equipped with a standard Ethernet port, and most likely supports 10/100/1000Base-T adaptive rate. This means that in real-world application scenarios, it can work seamlessly with many common Ethernet devices, be it industrial controllers and smart sensors in factory automation shops, or computers and servers in corporate office areas. When connected using standard Cat5e and higher grade cables, the Ethernet port can transmit data over distances of up to 100 metres under ideal conditions, which is more than sufficient to meet the need for short-distance cabling between devices in the industrial field and to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission.

Fibre Optic Port Function: Considering the need for long distance and high bandwidth transmission in industrial networks, the MM20 – M2M29999EAHH may be equipped with a fibre optic port. If a multimode fibre port is available, the transmission distance is expected to be up to 550m when using 50/125μm size multimode fibre with the data rate set to 1000Mbps.

This configuration is extremely advantageous in scenarios where data is connected between different workshops within a factory, such as in an automotive manufacturing plant, where equipment data interactions between the stamping and welding shops can be transmitted at high speeds and stably via multimode optical fibre with this media converter. When equipped with a single-mode fibre port using 1310nm wavelength single-mode fibre, the transmission distance can be significantly extended to several kilometres, which is crucial for cross-regional network connectivity in large industrial parks, such as data communication between different factories, or long-distance data transmission between a substation and a remote monitoring centre in a smart grid. It can effectively break through the geographical distance limitations to ensure reliable data transmission.

Data Conversion Efficiency
Precise signal conversion: One of the core functions is to achieve efficient conversion of different network signals. In industrial automation production lines, front-end sensors often form a high-speed data acquisition network through optical fibers to ensure the rapid transmission of large amounts of real-time data, while back-end control systems and data processing centres mostly use Ethernet architecture for data storage and analysis.

The media converter accurately converts optical signals transmitted over fibre optics into electrical signals that are recognised by Ethernet and vice versa. In an electronics manufacturing plant, for example, high-precision sensors on the production line used to check the quality of the product transmit the inspection data via optical fibre to the media converter, which quickly converts it into Ethernet signals and transmits them to the production management system at the back end, providing timely and accurate data support for production decision-making and ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the production line.

Intelligent Rate Adaptation: In complex industrial network environments, the data transmission rate of different devices varies greatly, and the MM20-M2M29999EAHH is equipped with a rate adaptation function, which can automatically sense the transmission rate of the devices connected to it and carry out intelligent matching and co-ordination. When enterprises are upgrading their networks, new high-performance devices may have a transmission rate of 1000Mbps or even higher, while some old devices still maintain a rate of 100Mbps.

Through the media converter, these devices with different rates can work together in the same network, avoiding data transmission delays, packet loss and even interruptions due to rate mismatch, which greatly improves the stability and compatibility of network data transmission, and ensures smooth transmission of various types of data in the industrial production process.

Network Expansion and Security Enhancement
Long-distance transmission breakthrough: Using the advantages of optical fibre transmission in terms of distance and anti-interference, the MM20-M2M29999EAHH media converter effectively solves the problem of limited transmission distance of traditional Ethernet twisted-pair cable. In large industrial facilities, such as steel mills and cement factories, the plant area is extensive and the distribution of equipment is extremely dispersed.

Traditional Ethernet twisted-pair connections are difficult to meet the demand for long-distance data transmission, but by using this media converter with optical fibre, data can be transmitted up to several kilometres away, which significantly extends the coverage of the network. For example, in a steel plant, between the equipment located in the high-temperature smelting area and the central monitoring room located at the far end of the plant, the media converter and optical fibre can be used to stably transmit the data of the equipment’s operation status, process parameters and other data to the monitoring room, so as to facilitate the operators to grasp the production situation in real time, and to make timely decisions to ensure the safety and stability of the production process.

Network security protection: In addition to signal conversion, the MM20-M2M29999EAHH also has a network isolation function, which is of great significance in enhancing the security of industrial networks. It can effectively block the flow of unnecessary network traffic between different network areas, reducing the scope of potential network attacks on the entire network system. In substations in the power industry, networks in different functional areas, such as the primary equipment monitoring network and the secondary equipment protection network, are segregated by this media converter.

Even if the network in a certain region suffers from malicious attacks, the attack can be prevented from spreading to other regions to the maximum extent possible, safeguarding the stable operation of the power system network and ensuring the reliability of power supply. In addition, some of the media converters may also have a simple protocol conversion function, so that the use of different communication protocols network equipment can achieve interoperability, further enhancing the overall security and adaptability of the network.

The Hirschmann MM20 – M2M29999EAHH Media Converter is a Hirschmann product for industrial network connectivity that addresses the challenges of transferring data between different network architectures and media in complex industrial environments. Thanks to Hirschmann’s extensive know-how, the device is characterised by a number of outstanding features.

I. Specification
Port: Support 10/100/1000Base-T adaptive rate, RJ-45 interface.
Ethernet: Support 10/100/1000Base-T adaptive rate, RJ-45 interface, with Cat5e and above cable transmission distance up to 100m, suitable for all kinds of Ethernet devices.

Optical Fiber: Multi-mode fiber port (50/125μm) with 1000Mbps transmission distance of 550m, suitable for short-distance high-speed scenarios within the plant; single-mode fiber port (1310nm) transmission distance of several kilometres for long-distance transmission, the interface is commonly used in SC, LC type, stable and convenient connection.

Electrical: Operating voltage 100 – 240V AC (50/60Hz), suitable for different industrial power supply, may also support DC 12V DC power supply, power consumption according to the design optimisation, reduce operating costs.

Physical: Compact size, following 1U (44.45mm) or 2U industrial standard height, suitable for cabinet installation. Metal casing is collision and extrusion resistant, with electromagnetic shielding, adapting to complex electromagnetic environments.

Protocol: Support Modbus TCP, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP and other common industrial Ethernet protocols to achieve the interconnection of different brands of equipment, reducing the difficulty of integration.

Performance Advantages
Data conversion
Fast and accurate: adopting high-performance chips and optimised circuits, fast processing of optical and electrical signal conversion, such as automotive production line sensor data, to ensure the timeliness.
Low latency: Optimised algorithms and architecture reduce data transmission latency to meet the high real-time requirements of robotics, motion control and other scenarios.
Network Adaptation

Rate Adaptation: Automatically identifies and matches devices with different rates, avoiding transmission problems due to rate differences and ensuring smooth network operation.

Media convergence: Fusion of optical fibre (long distance, high bandwidth, anti-interference) and Ethernet (widely used, good compatibility), to build an efficient network, such as optical fibre networking between workshops in the park, and Ethernet connection of equipment in the workshop.

Reliable and Stable
Industrial-grade design: Components are screened, resistant to temperature, humidity and dust, and the shell is dustproof and waterproof, able to withstand vibration and shock, suitable for steel mills, coal mines and other harsh environments.

Redundant design: some models have redundant power supply, the network supports link redundancy, to ensure the continuous operation of equipment and communication, suitable for electric power, chemical industry and other industries that require high reliability.
Security Enhancement

Network isolation: isolate different network areas to prevent network attacks from spreading, such as protection between different functional networks in power substations.
Security protocol: Support SSL/TLS and other encryption protocols to encrypt transmission data, prevent theft and tampering, and protect industrial data security.

Device model description
The Industrial Ethernet series MICE (Modular Industrial Communication Equipment) consists of basic switching modules and media modules.

These devices are manageable
The basic module contains all the functions of this industrial switch except for the interfaces to the LAN.
Pluggable media modules provide these interfaces.
They differ in the number of interfaces and the type of media connected to the network segments.
Expansion modules add 2 media module slots to the basic module.
For simplicity, basic switching modules with various plug-in media modules are referred to as MICE in this document.

MS20-… Device variants are modular switches with up to 8 ×, 16 ×, or 24 × 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports. You can select the media for the ports via the media module.
MS30-… The device model is a modular switch with up to 8 ×, 16 ×, or 24 × 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports. 24 × 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports and up to 2 × additional Gigabit ports (1000 Mbit/s Ethernet) modular switch. (1000 Mbit/s Ethernet). You can select the media for the ports using the media module. The media module selects the media for the ports.
The basic module of the MS20/MS30 contains all functional units such as: switching functions, management functions, redundancy functions:
switching functions, management functions, redundancy functions, display controls, voltage connections, management connections, adjustable controls, and media module slots.

MS20
Optional additional number of ports, preferred number of 100 Mbit/s ports, temperature range, voltage range, certificates and software variants.
More port numbers, temperature range, voltage range, certificates and software variants can be selected.
MM22-T1T1T1 PoE Media Module
The MM22-T1T1T1 PoE Media Module (deep module design) supports Power over Ethernet (PoE) according to the IEEE 802.3af standard.
It allows, for example, the connection and remote provisioning of IP telephones (voice over IP), webcams, sensors, printer servers, and WLAN access points via 10BASE T/100BASE-TX. With PoE, these end devices can be powered by twisted pair cables.

The MM22-T1T1T1 Media Module has four 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports (RJ45 connections) for connecting network segments or PoE end devices (PDs, Powered Devices) up to Category 0 (or Category 3, respectively).
The current is supplied via a free pair (spare pair); there is no electrical insulation between the individual ports.
The Hirschmann MM20 – G2 t1 t1 sahh media converter is a key device for industrial networks from Hirschmann and plays an important role in enabling the conversion of data transfer between different network media and protocols. As an experienced manufacturer of solutions for industrial networks, Hirschmann has developed a number of features for this media converter.

I. Ports and Connectivity
MM20 – G2 t1 t1 sahh Media converters are usually equipped with several types of ports to suit the connectivity needs of different network devices. They may have Ethernet ports, which often support 10/100/1000Base – T adaptive rate, and can be easily connected to all kinds of devices that use Ethernet connection, such as computers, industrial controllers, servers and so on. The Ethernet ports can transmit data over distances of up to 100 metres when using standard Cat5e and above cables, allowing for short distance connections between devices in common industrial environments.

At the same time, the media converter is likely to be equipped with a fibre optic port, which supports both singlemode and multimode fibre optic connections. In the case of multimode fibre, the 50/125μm format allows for transmission distances of up to 550 metres at a data rate of 1000Mbps, while single-mode fibre and 1310nm wavelengths allow for distances of up to several kilometres.

This long-distance transmission capability enables high-speed and stable data transmission between devices in different areas in large factory parks, intelligent traffic systems, energy and power scenarios. For example, in an intelligent traffic system, widely distributed traffic cameras can be connected to the media converter via optical fibre, and the collected HD video data can be transmitted to a monitoring centre several kilometres away for processing and storage.

Second, the data conversion function
Signal conversion: One of the core functions of the media converter is to convert different network signals to each other. In industrial automation lines, where one end of the line uses fibre optics to transmit data and the other relies on Ethernet for communication, the MM20 – G2 t1 t1 sahh media converters precisely convert optical signals transmitted by fibre optics into electrical signals for Ethernet and vice versa, ensuring a smooth transfer of data between the different media.

For example, in a factory automation system, where the front-end sensors used to collect production data form a high-speed backbone network via optical fibre, and the back-end production management computer is connected using Ethernet, the media converter can establish a stable data transmission bridge between the two, ensuring that the production data can be transmitted to the management system in a timely and accurate manner, providing a basis for production decision-making.

Rate Adaptation: In the actual network environment, there may be differences in the transmission rate of different devices. mm20 – g2 t1 t1 sahh media converter is equipped with a rate adaptation function, which is able to automatically identify the transmission rate of the devices connected to it, and carry out matching and coordination.

Assuming that in the process of upgrading the network of an enterprise, the transmission rate of some old devices is 100Mbps, while the newly purchased high-performance devices can reach a rate of 1,000Mbps, through the media converter, it can make these devices with different rates work together in the same network, avoiding the problem of data transmission lagging or interruption due to the mismatch of rates, and guaranteeing the stability and compatibility of the network data transmission.

Network Extension and Security Enhancement
Extend transmission distance: Taking advantage of optical fibre transmission, MM20-G2 t1 t1 sahh media converter effectively solves the problem of limited transmission distance of Ethernet twisted-pair cable.
In some large industrial facilities, such as steel mills, petrochemical plants, etc., the plant area is vast and the distribution of equipment is relatively scattered.
The traditional Ethernet twisted pair connection is difficult to meet the demand for long-distance data transmission, but the media converter with optical fibre can transmit data to several kilometres away, greatly expanding the network coverage.
In the case of a steel mill, for example, the distance between the equipment in the production halls and the central control room on the other side of the mill is relatively long. With the media converter and fibre optics, the operating data of the production equipment can be transmitted stably to the central control room, making it easier for the operators to monitor and manage the production process in real time.

Network isolation and security enhancement: While converting signals, the MM20 – G2 t1 t1 sahh media converter also enables isolation between different networks, which is important for enhancing network security. It can effectively prevent unwanted network traffic from propagating between different network areas, reducing the scope of potential network attacks on the entire network system .

For example, in the power system, the networks of different functional areas in the substation are isolated by media converters, so that even if the network in a certain area is subjected to malicious attacks, the attacks can be prevented from spreading to other areas to the greatest extent possible, so as to ensure the stable operation of the power system network. In addition, some of the media converters may also have a simple protocol conversion function, so that network devices using different protocols can communicate, further improving the interoperability and overall security of the network.

Brand Technology Advantage: Hirschmann has rich experience in industrial networks, building the world’s first fibre-optic Ethernet in 1984, and launching the Ring Redundant Ethernet (HIPER – Ring) in 1990.

Its products are known for their reliability, and this media converter may use advanced technology to ensure stable and efficient data transmission, adapting to the complex needs of industrial environments.

Port Configuration and Connectivity: Common Hussmann media converters are equipped with a variety of ports, such as Ethernet ports and fibre optic ports. Ethernet ports may support 10/100/1000Base – T adaptive rate, can be easily connected to computers, industrial controllers and other devices, using standard Cat5e and above specification cable, the transmission distance up to 100 metres. Fibre optic ports, if available, may support single-mode and multi-mode fibre connection, multi-mode fibre in 50/125μm specifications, 1000Mbps transmission rate transmission distance of up to 550 meters; single-mode fibre using 1310nm wavelength, the transmission distance can be extended to several kilometres, to meet the needs of long distance, high bandwidth transmission.

Performance features: High-efficiency data conversion capability, can quickly and stably convert data between different network media. In the industrial automation production line, can ensure that the front-end sensor equipment through the optical fibre transmission of data, fast and accurate conversion into the back-end Ethernet equipment can receive the signal.

With high reliability and stability, the selection of high-quality industrial-grade electronic components, after rigorous screening and testing, can be such as the power industry substation of strong electromagnetic interference, metallurgical industry, high temperature furnace workshop, and other harsh industrial environments work stably.

Application Scenario: In the field of industrial automation, it can be used to connect the devices with different network media in the automated production line, such as connecting the high-speed sensors using optical fibre and the controller using Ethernet, to ensure the smooth transmission of data and improve the production efficiency.

In the intelligent traffic system, it can achieve a stable connection between traffic cameras (which may use optical fibre to transmit data) and the back-end data processing centre (which mostly uses Ethernet connection) to ensure the timely transmission and processing of traffic data. In the energy and power industry, it is suitable for the connection of all kinds of equipment in the substation, effectively converting data transmitted by different media to ensure the reliable operation of the power system.

Main functions of the media converter
Signal conversion: The ability to convert different types of network signals into each other, e.g. in industrial environments, optical signals transmitted by fibre optics are converted into Ethernet electrical signals and vice versa.

This enables devices that use fibre optics for long-distance, high-speed data transmission to communicate smoothly with devices that use Ethernet connections. For example, in a large factory campus, where production equipment forms a high-speed backbone network via optical fibre, and computers and other equipment in the office use Ethernet, the media converter can convert signals between the two to ensure that the data flow is transmitted.

Rate Adaptation: Support the connection between networks with different transmission rates. It can actively identify and match the rate of the connected devices, such as one end of the device’s transmission rate of 100Mbps, the other end of the 1000Mbps, the media converter can harmonise the data transmission between the two, to ensure the stability and compatibility of data transmission. In the process of upgrading the enterprise network, some of the old equipment rate is low, the new equipment rate is high, the media converter can make the different rates of equipment in the same network to work together.

Extend the transmission interval: Use the advantages of optical fibre transmission, useful to extend the network transmission interval. Single-mode optical fibre collaboration media converter, data transmission to several kilometres away, to solve the Ethernet twisted-pair transmission interval is limited (generally in the 100 m or so) of the problem. In ITS, traffic cameras are widely distributed, through the media converter and optical fibre, high-definition video data can be transmitted to the monitoring centre several kilometres away.

Network isolation and security enhancement: While converting signals, it can complete the isolation between different networks and enhance network security. It can block unnecessary network traffic and potential network infringement, to ensure the stable work of the network. In the power system, the media converter can isolate the network of different functional areas in the substation to avoid failure or infringement of discrete.

Protocol conversion (partially): In addition to the physical layer of the signal conversion, some media converters can also carry out a brief protocol conversion, so that different protocols of network equipment can communicate. For example, the Modbus TCP protocol network data into the PROFINET IO protocol recognised data format, to facilitate data interaction between devices of different protocols . In the industrial active production line, different brands and types of equipment may choose different protocols, this kind of media converter can complete the interconnection between the equipment.

ABB 3BUS094398 IndustrialIT System 800xA Harmony/INFI90 System

System Integration Overview: Industrial IT System 800xA integrates with Harmony/INFI90 and is designed to help organisations achieve Operational Excellence (OpX), such as increased Return on Net Assets (RONA) and reduced Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). It breaks through the limitations of traditional distributed control systems (DCS) and extends the scope of automation by providing personalised user workspaces, a wide range of control functions, equipment management, asset optimisation and information management. The integrated system is applicable to a wide range of industries, including power, chemical and pharmaceutical, and supports enterprises in different industries to respond to market changes and enhance competitiveness.

Harmony System Foundation and Development: Symphony Harmony is a proven process control system with a wide range of applications, and ABB continues to add traditional DCS functionality through its ‘Evolution through Enhancement’ strategy, including support for Rack I/O modules, Bridge Controllers, Bridge Controllers, and Rack I/O modules. ABB continues to add traditional DCS functionality through its ‘Evolution through Enhancement’ strategy, including upgrades to Rack I/O modules, Bridge Controllers, communication modules, Composer tools and operator consoles. For example, the redesigned Harmony Rack Module incorporates modern technology to maintain compatibility with older modules, and the Harmony Bridge Controller is continually being upgraded to support a wide range of functionality and ensure continuity of control logic configuration.

800xA Extensions to the Harmony System

Personalised User Workspace: Using the Aspect Object™ framework, the 800xA Process Portal collects information from multiple sources and transforms it into what the user needs, providing a personalised layout, intuitive and flexible navigation, integrated data to aid decision making, and a comprehensive range of operator functionality that can co-exist with existing consoles or provide an extended operating environment.

Control and I/O Expansion: The S800 I/O is designed in a modular small form factor, supports multiple signal types and event timestamping capabilities, and connects to the Harmony Bridge Controller via redundant communications configured by the Composer tool.The AC 800M controller and its I/O options are low-cost, high-quality, and efficient, and are available in a variety of configurations through the HPG800 and INFI90FCLib, among others. The AC 800M controller and its I/O options are low cost, high quality, and efficient, and can be integrated with Harmony systems through products such as the HPG800 and INFI90FCLib, protecting the user’s existing investment.

Device Management: The 800xA’s device management functionality connects HART devices via Fieldbus Management tools to support device parameterisation and remote monitoring, and interfaces with other fieldbuses via the AC 800M controller.

Asset Optimisation: HART/Fieldbus and advanced system information enables asset optimisation, including automatic monitoring of maintenance conditions, adoption of predictive maintenance strategies, reporting of asset health, optimisation of workflows to reduce repair time, and monitoring of the health of the Harmony control network.

Production Management: 800xA Production Management automates, monitors, controls, and documents production processes according to standards, with a Batch Management component that provides resource management, recipe management, and Batch Data Manager Tools for writing device stage logic.

Information Management: Collects, stores, and presents plant data into useful information, providing intuitive displays, automated system operations, flexible report generation and distribution, and secure access to data storage, integrating with Harmony to support corporate decision-making.

cpmPlus Smart Client: Provides Harmony users with a browser-based thin client that displays 800xA and third-party system information, eliminating duplicate engineering, simplifying display configuration, and eliminating the additional cost of tag counting.

ABB 3BUS092084R0001 IndustrialIT System 800xA Symphony Harmony

System core: ABB 3BUS092084R0001 refers to the Industrial IT System 800xA, an industrial information system. It combines advanced technologies to provide companies with a complete automation solution from the bottom of the machine to the top of the information management. Integration with SYMPHONY Harmony makes it even more powerful and adaptable to the needs of diverse and complex industries.
Key features

Personalised workspaces: 800xA Process Portal integrates multiple sources of data through the Aspect Object™ framework, allowing customised workspaces for maintenance, engineering, management and operations personnel. Easy to use web browser tools and right-click access to more detailed information help users make quick decisions.

Control functionality: The AC 800M control and I/O components are at the heart of all control and safety scenarios to meet plant automation needs. Integration into the Harmony system through the INFI90 function code base and communication with Harmony controllers improves control performance, and support for a wide range of interfaces, protocols, and fieldbuses facilitates the construction of reliable control solutions.

Device Management: The 800xA device management function runs through the entire lifecycle of the device, from design selection, implementation and commissioning, to connecting to HART devices during operation with Fieldbus Management tools, monitoring signals, variables and diagnostic information, detecting hidden problems in advance, reducing equipment failures and maintenance costs, and improving reliability.

Asset optimisation: Real-time monitoring of plant assets, automatic monitoring of key performance indicators, and automatic alarms for abnormalities. Long-term analysis of data, the use of predictive maintenance strategy, for large equipment to predict failures in advance, reasonable arrangements for maintenance, improve asset utilization, reduce operating costs.

Information Management: Collects, stores and visually presents data from all plant data sources, providing management with concise desktop displays and KPI scrolling displays, which can be supplemented with trend displays as needed. It supports automatic operation and flexible report generation to meet the needs of factories and regulatory documents, and provides data support for decision-making.

Application Industries
Power: Used in thermal, hydro and wind power generation scenarios. Taking thermal power generation as an example, equipment such as boilers and turbines can be monitored, and AC 800M can be used to analyse and process operating parameters to optimise the power generation process. Through asset optimisation and equipment management, equipment failures can be predicted in advance to reduce power generation losses.

Chemical industry: Due to the characteristics of chemical production, such as high temperature and high pressure, high automation is required. The system can accurately control the reaction parameters to improve product quality and yield. It manages a large number of equipments, ensures production safety and stability, and integrates data to help enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency.

Pharmaceuticals: Meet the pharmaceutical industry’s strict requirements for quality control and compliance. Automatically control the parameters of all stages of pharmaceutical production to ensure quality. Through batch management to achieve full traceability, information management to help quality control and ensure drug safety.

Pulp and Paper: Connects pulp preparation and paper making equipment for automated production. AC 800M accurately controls key parameters of the paper machine to ensure paper quality. Asset optimisation monitoring equipment, information management to assist production decisions and reduce costs.

Water and wastewater treatment: S800 I/O connects water quality monitoring and treatment equipment, automatically adjusting operation status according to water quality. Asset optimisation and maintenance equipment and information management provide data to help optimise treatment processes and reduce operating costs.

ABB AC 800M 3BSE036352 Controller Hardware Product Guide System Version 5.1

Functional Description

Processor Unit: Divided into two types: PM8xx (except PM891), which consists of a processor unit and a TP830 baseboard with ports such as Ethernet and serial ports, and supports connection to the S800 I/O unit; and the PM891, which is a monolithic unit with stronger performance and unique redundant links and interfaces. Some processor units support redundant configurations with a switchover time of less than 10ms.

Communication: By adding communication units to the CEX bus, the number of ports and types of protocols can be expanded to support a variety of field buses and communication protocols, such as PROFIBUS DP, FOUNDATION Fieldbus, etc., to achieve connection with remote I/O, field instruments and other devices.

Battery Backup: There are two types of backup methods, internal battery (except PM891) and external battery (SB821, SB822), which are used to supply power to RAM and real-time clock in case of power failure.

Power supply: The power supply unit (SD83x) converts AC power to 24V DC power and supports redundant configurations. The processor unit has an internal power reserve to cope with short-term power failures. Power can also be supplied from an external 24V DC source, but voltage stability should be taken into account.

I/O system: support a variety of I/O system connection methods, such as S100 I/O, S800 I/O, S900 I/O, etc., through different communication interfaces and protocols.S800 I/O supports hot configuration, redundancy and HART routing and other functions.

Drive system: ABB standard and customised drives can be connected to the AC 800M in a variety of ways, such as optical ModuleBus, PROFIBUS DP, etc. The CI858 DriveBus interface can control up to 24 drives.

Software Components: The software used with the AC 800M controller is the control software, which includes hardware functions, firmware functions, and applications. Firmware needs to be loaded and applications downloaded through the Control Builder interface, and the firmware version of the CPU and other hardware units should be checked before installation.

Hardware components: Introduction to the hardware components, such as the composition and functions of the processor units (PM8xx, PM891) in different configurations; CEX bus interconnection unit (BC810) for improved communication reliability; characteristics and parameters of the various communication interfaces (PROFIBUS DP, RS-232C, etc.); types of battery back-up components and their use; power supply components (SD83x, SS832); and the power supply components (SD83x, SS832). SD83x, SS832) specifications and functions.

Mechanical Design: Examples of cabinet design are provided, showing how controllers, power supply units, etc. are configured and installed in the cabinet. It is emphasised that a certain amount of space needs to be reserved above and below the equipment in order to ensure ventilation and cooling.

Technical data and performance: Performance data of the processor units (PM8xx, PM891) are given, including CPU model, memory, communication speed, etc.; technical parameters and performance indexes of each communication interface unit, battery back-up unit, power supply components, etc.; certification and environmental adaptability of the products are also introduced.

Technical specification parameters

Processor Unit

CPU performance: PM851/PM851A/PM856/PM856A/PM860/PM860A/PM861 adopts MPC860 microprocessor, running frequency 48MHz; PM864/PM865 adopts MPC862 microprocessor, running frequency 96MHz; PM866 adopts MPC866 microprocessor, running frequency 133MHz; PM891 adopts MPC8270 microprocessor, running frequency 450MHz. The PM866 uses the MPC866 microprocessor running at 133MHz and the PM891 uses the MPC8270 microprocessor running at 450MHz. different processor units execute applications at different speeds, e.g., the PM860 executes twice as fast as the PM851/PM856.

Memory Configuration: PM851/PM856/PM860 are equipped with 2MB Flash PROM (for firmware storage) and 8MB SDRAM; PM851A has 2MB Flash PROM and 12MB SDRAM; PM856A/PM860A has 2MB Flash PROM and 16MB SDRAM, etc., while PM891 has 16MB Flash PROM and 256MB SDRAM with integrity check. The PM891 has 16MB of Flash PROM and 256MB of DDR2 SDRAM with integrity check.

Port parameters: Ethernet ports (CN1, CN2), only CN1 is available on some models (e.g. PM851/PM851A) at 10Mbit/s (half-duplex), the PM891’s CN1+CN2 ports support 10/100Mbit/s; Serial port COM3 (available on some Processor Units) is available at a selectable communication speed of 75 – 19200 baud; COM4 is used for connection to Control Builder, communication speed 9600 baud.

Other parameters: Electrical ModuleBus for 1 S800 I/O basic cluster, up to 12 S800 I/O units, 192 I/O signals in total (PM891 does not have this interface); Optical ModuleBus for 7 S800 I/O clusters (PM851/PM851A only 1), 12 units in each cluster; CEX bus for up to 12 communication interfaces (PM851/PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A, PM851A). Up to 12 communication interfaces can be connected to the CEX bus (up to 1 for PM851/PM851A).

Communication interface units

PROFIBUS DP interface (CI851, CI854/CI854A): Supports the PROFIBUS DP protocol, with communication speeds of 9.6, 19.2, 93.75, 187.5, 500, 1500, 3000, 6000, 12000 kbit/s and other options, and a bus capacity of up to 32 nodes per segment with galvanic isolation. The CI851 is a DP Master Class I and the CI854/CI854A supports DP-V0 and DP-V1 services.

RS-232C interface (CI853): Provides dual non-isolated RS-232C ports with Hayes modem signals and selectable communication speeds from 75 to 19200 baud for protocols such as Modbus, Siemens 3964R, etc.

Other interfaces: e.g. MasterBus 300 interface (CI855) for connecting the AC 800M to a MasterBus 300 network; S100 I/O interface (CI856) for connecting the S100 I/O, supporting up to 5 I/O racks with 20 I/O units each; FOUNDATION Fieldbus High Speed Ethernet interface (CI860) for connecting the AC 800M to a MasterBus 300 network. The FOUNDATION Fieldbus High Speed Ethernet interface (CI860) supports FF HSE and communication speed of 10/100Mbit/s, etc. Each interface has corresponding parameters in terms of communication speed, number of ports, electrical isolation, status indication, and so on.

Power Supply Unit

SD83x series power supply units: different input voltage ranges, such as SD831 supports AC 100 – 240V or DC 110 – 300V input, the output is 24V DC, and the rated output currents are of different specifications, such as 3A, 5A, 10A, 20A, etc. The power supply units are equipped with soft-start function, and the output voltage is 10V DC, and the output voltage is 10V DC. With soft start function, stable output voltage and LED to indicate whether the output voltage is normal or not.

Voting unit (SS823, SS832): SS823 is used for redundant power output combination, with double over-voltage protection circuits, which can detect short-circuit and open-circuit; SS832 can be directly used for loads below 10A, and two modules are needed for 20A loads, which have specific parameters in rated output current, voltage, power, and so on.

Battery Backup Components

Internal Battery: Located in the processor unit, some models (e.g. PM891) do not have an internal battery and are used to power the RAM and real-time clock in the event of a power failure.

External Battery (SB821, SB822): SB821 is a non-rechargeable Li-ion battery (3.6V 16Ah), the battery memory backup time varies with different processor units, e.g., at least 4 weeks for PM851/PM856/PM860; SB822 is a rechargeable Li-ion battery (3.75V 2.3Ah), which is used in the PM891 and other scenarios requiring long backup time. Other components

Other Components

CEX-Bus Interconnection Unit (BC810): Used to split the CEX bus into two independent segments to improve system availability, with status indicators, 24V DC power input, 50mA typical current consumption and 1.2W power loss.

SM810 and SM811: for intelligent monitoring of the controllers, with memory, status indicators and specific I/O interfaces, current consumption of 160 mA typical, power loss of 3.8 W, hot-plugging support (backup unit in redundant configuration).

Product Overview: Symphony Plus is a new generation of ABB’s distributed control system, which is widely used in power generation and water management. HR series control and I/O system meets the needs of full automation of the plant, protects the user’s upfront investment, and is characterised by high performance, high reliability and large capacity.

System Architecture: The communication architecture is based on high-speed, high-throughput and high-security redundant INFI-Net control network, supporting multi-node combinations, with high communication certainty and bandwidth of over 300 Mbaud. ICI800 Ethernet CIU of HR series realises Ethernet communication between INFI-Net and engineering tools, HMI, etc., and safeguards communication security through SSL certification.

Functional Features
Controllers: BRC300, BRC400, and BRC410 controllers are based on 160MHz, 32-bit processors with more than 150 predefined control algorithms, support for multiple programming languages and smart device integration, and BRC400/410 have enhanced features such as expanded memory and support for more functional blocks.

I/O Modules: Provide many types of I/O modules, support local and remote installation, HR series controllers can be connected to a large number of I/O modules, and SD series remote I/O is directly connected to HR series controllers, which is suitable for a variety of environments.

Device Integration: Integrate intelligent field devices via protocols such as PROFIBUS DP, HART, and Modbus TCP, and obtain device information for use in control strategies, reducing installation costs.
Engineering Tools: S+ Engineering is a comprehensive engineering toolset for the HR series, providing a unified workbench with multi-user, remote access, version control, and support for visual creation and editing of control logic, as well as the ability to manage field devices to improve engineering efficiency.

Application Cases
Power Generation Projects
Coal power generation: Upgrading and expansion of 4x730MW coal-fired power plant in Italy; phased upgrading of 565MW coal-fired power plant in the United States; construction of a new 2x600MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant in China; phased upgrading of a 160MW coal-fired power plant in Austria; renovation and expansion of a 6x500MW coal-fired power plant in India; and a 3,600MW coal-fired power plant in South Africa.

Gas-fired power generation: Italy’s 836MW gas-fired combined cycle power plant phased upgrading; Mexico’s 235MW gas-fired power plant phased upgrading; Algeria’s new 340MW gas-fired open-cycle power plant; UAE’s 1027MW gas-fired combined cycle and seawater desalination plant phased upgrading; Indonesia’s new 120MW gas-fired combined cycle power plant; New Zealand’s 44MW gas-fired cogeneration plant New 120MW gas-fired combined cycle power plant in Indonesia; 44MW gas-fired cogeneration power plant in New Zealand; 215MW diesel power project in the Philippines.

Other energy power generation projects: 87MW waste-to-energy incineration power project in the United States; 200MW waste-to-energy incineration power project in Italy; 320MW dual-fuel cycle power plant upgrading in Mexico; 2x58MW oil-fired power generation project in the United States; a new 4x150MW gas-fired simple-cycle power plant in Egypt; and the upgrading and expansion of a 400MW coal-fired power plant in Bangladesh, among others.
Water treatment projects: new district heating plant project in China; upgrading and expansion of wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.